Improving seed germination of Salicornia rubra (Chenopodiaceae) under saline conditions using germination-regulating chemicals

Salicornia rubra Nels. (Chenopodiaceae) is a salt-tolerant annual species occurring in salt playas of the Great Basin desert in western United States. It forms pioneer communities on the most saline location of an inland salt playa at Goshen, Utah. Seeds of Salicornia rubra are capable of germinating at 1000 mM NaCl at 25-35° C alternating temperature regime. Dormancy-regulating chemicals were evaluated for their ability to alleviate the innate and salinityenforced dormancy in seeds of Salicornia rubra . Betaine, GA3, kinetin, fusicoccin, ethephon, thiourea, proline, and nitrate had no effect in alleviating primary dormancy. Increases in NaCl concentration progressively inhibited germination of Salicornia rubra seeds. Ethephon, fusicoccin, GA3, kinetin, thiourea, and nitrate promoted germination under low saline conditions. At high salinity fusicoccin had no effect, whereas GA3, kinetin, and ethephon substantially alleviated salinity effects. Application of these dormancy-regulating compounds could be of practical value in seeding a saline area for restoration purposes, particularly under high saline conditions.     

Dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse restored by stem cell transplantation.

The development of cell or gene therapies for diseases involving cells that are widely distributed throughout the body has been severely hampered by the inability to achieve the disseminated delivery of cells or genes to the affected tissues or organ. Here we report the results of bone marrow transplantation studies in the mdx mouse, an animal model of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, which indicate that the intravenous injection of either normal haematopoietic stem cells or a novel population of muscle-derived stem cells into irradiated animals results in the reconstitution of the haematopoietic compartment of the transplanted recipients, the incorporation of donor-derived nuclei into muscle, and the partial restoration of dystrophin expression in the affected muscle. These results suggest that the transplantation of different stem cell populations, using the procedures of bone marrow transplantation, might provide an unanticipated avenue for treating muscular dystrophy as well as other diseases where the systemic delivery of therapeutic cells to sites throughout the body is critical. Our studies also suggest that the inherent developmental potential of stem cells isolated from diverse tissues or organs may be more similar than previously anticipated.     

Reduced bit low power VLSI architectures for motion estimation

Low power and real time very large scale integration(VLSI) architectures of motion estimation(ME) algorithms for mobile devices and applications are presented.The power reduction is achieved by devising a novel correction recovery mechanism based on algorithms which allow the use of reduced bit sum of absolute difference(RBSAD) metric for calculating matching error and conversion to full resolution sum of absolute difference(SAD) metric whenever necessary.Parallel and pipelined architectures for high throughput of full search ME corresponding to both the full resolution SAD and the generalized RBSAD algorithm are synthesized using Xilinx Synthesis Tools(XST),where the ME designs based on reduced bit(RB) algorithms demonstrate the reduction in power consumption up to 45% and/or the reduction in area up to 38%.     

99mTc-MDP extraction in relation to 81mKr perfusion following a partial osteotomy in the dog tibia

The bone mineral extraction of technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP), and blood supply of Krypton-81m (81mKr) have been compared in normal and osteotomy regions of the canine tibia. A partial osteotomy was carried out under aseptic conditions, and isotopic measurements made over a period of 123 days. Both blood flow and bone mineral extraction increase after a partial osteotomy.     

某些近环上的可交换性

证明若分配生成近环 R满足 xy=p( x,y)性质 ,则 R必可换 ,其中 p( x,y)是 αixpiynixqi的有限和 ,项数 ,αi,pi,ni,qi 均随 x,y∈ R变化 ,且 αi,pi,qi≥ 1 ,ni>1     

Oenology: red wine procyanidins and vascular health

Regular, moderate consumption of red wine is linked to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease and to lower overall mortality, but the relative contribution of wine's alcohol and polyphenol components to these effects is unclear. Here we identify procyanidins as the principal vasoactive polyphenols in red wine and show that they are present at higher concentrations in wines from areas of southwestern France and Sardinia, where traditional production methods ensure that these compounds are efficiently extracted during vinification. These regions also happen to be associated with increased longevity in the population.     

The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3

After the completion of a draft human genome sequence, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium has proceeded to finish and annotate each of the 24 chromosomes comprising the human genome. Here we describe the sequencing and analysis of human chromosome 3, one of the largest human chromosomes. Chromosome 3 comprises just four contigs, one of which currently represents the longest unbroken stretch of finished DNA sequence known so far. The chromosome is remarkable in having the lowest rate of segmental duplication in the genome. It also includes a chemokine receptor gene cluster as well as numerous loci involved in multiple human cancers such as the gene encoding FHIT, which contains the most common constitutive fragile site in the genome, FRA3B. Using genomic sequence from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque, we were able to characterize the breakpoints defining a large pericentric inversion that occurred some time after the split of Homininae from Ponginae, and propose an evolutionary history of the inversion.     

Fine mapping of regulatory loci for mammalian gene expression using radiation hybrids

We mapped regulatory loci for nearly all protein-coding genes in mammals using comparative genomic hybridization and expression array measurements from a panel of mouse-hamster radiation hybrid cell lines. The large number of breaks in the mouse chromosomes and the dense genotyping of the panel allowed extremely sharp mapping of loci. As the regulatory loci result from extra gene dosage, we call them copy number expression quantitative trait loci, or ceQTLs. The -2log10P support interval for the ceQTLs was <150 kb, containing an average of <2-3 genes. We identified 29,769 trans ceQTLs with -log10P > 4, including 13 hotspots each regulating >100 genes in trans. Further, this work identifies 2,761 trans ceQTLs harboring no known genes, and provides evidence for a mode of gene expression autoregulation specific to the X chromosome.     

A whole-genome admixture scan finds a candidate locus for multiple sclerosis susceptibility

Multiple sclerosis is a common disease with proven heritability, but, despite large-scale attempts, no underlying risk genes have been identified. Traditional linkage scans have so far identified only one risk haplotype for multiple sclerosis (at HLA on chromosome 6), which explains only a fraction of the increased risk to siblings. Association scans such as admixture mapping have much more power, in principle, to find the weak factors that must explain most of the disease risk. We describe here the first high-powered admixture scan, focusing on 605 African American cases and 1,043 African American controls, and report a locus on chromosome 1 that is significantly associated with multiple sclerosis.